A numerical study has been performed to analyze the effect of radial magneticfield on free convective flow of an electrically conducting and viscous incompressiblefluid over the RAMPED moving vertical cylinder with RAMPED type temperature and CONCENTRATION considered at the surface of vertical cylinder. The governing partial differential equations which describe theflow formation have been solved numerically by using implicit finite difference method of Crank-Nicolson type. The simulation results of the considered model have been shown graphically. One of the interesting result of our analysis is that the local as well as average skin-friction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number have increasing tendency in time interval (0, 1), thereafter these quantities decrease. We have also compared the case of RAMPED type boundary conditions with that of constant boundary conditions with help of table. The advantage of taking RAMPED type boundary conditions is that initial heat transfer rate and mass transfer rate are minimum in this case.

When an intense laser beam propagates in plasma, due to relativistic electrons resulting from the laser electric field, the plasma refractive index alters. Subsequently, the plasma behaves initially similar to a positive lens that decreases the laser spot size. In this article, the propagation of the laser beam in collisional quantum plasmas is investigated with considering a RAMPED density profile. Using WKB and paraxial approximations through parabolic equation, a mathematical formulation for the beam width parameter is obtained from the wave equation. Acquired equations are numerically solved by employing the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. In the collisionless plasma, by increasing the ramp slope, the beam width focuses with less oscillation amplitude, smaller laser spot size and more oscillations. In the collisional quantum plasma, due to energy absorption, the oscillation amplitude enhances by passing through the plasma and the laser beam defocuses at a few lengths. For the greater values of the slope and the collision frequency, the laser spot size oscillates with the higher amplitude and defocuses in a shallower plasma depth. Also, greater plasma density results in smaller laser spot size and bigger oscillation frequency. Then, this effect is compared in the strong and weak quantum and classical plasmas. Decreasing the plasma temperature improves the magnetization due to the ponderomotive force related to the time variation, the beam-width oscillates with greater frequency and deeper penetration in the strong quantum plasma in comparison with the weak quantum or the classical cases.

The effect of radiation on natural convection incompressible viscous fluid near a vertical flat plate with RAMPED wall temperature has been studied. An analytical solution of the governing equation has been obtained by employing Laplace transform technique. It is examined that two different solutions for the fluid velocities, one valid for fluids of Prandtl number(Pr) different from 1+Ra, Ra being the radiation parameter and the other for which the Prandtl number equal to 1+Ra. The variations of velocities and fluid temperature are presented graphically. Furthermore, the radiative heat transfer on natural convection flow near a RAMPED plate temperature has been compared with the flow near a plate with the constant wall temperature. It is found that an increase in radiation parameter leads to rise the fluid velocity as well as temperature.

This study explores the time-dependent flow of MHD Oldroyd-B fluid under the effect of RAMPED wall velocity and temperature. The flow is confined to an infinite vertical plate embedded in a permeable surface with the impact of heat generation and thermal radiation. Solutions of velocity, temperature, and CONCENTRATION are derived symmetrically by applying non-dimensional parameters along with Laplace transformation (LT) and numerical inversion algorithm. Graphical results for different physical constraints are produced for the velocity, temperature, and CONCENTRATION profiles. Velocity and temperature profile decrease by increasing the effective Prandtl number. The existence of an effective Prandtl number may reflect the control of the thickness of momentum and enlargement of thermal conductivity. Velocity is decreasing for κ, , M, Prreff, and Sc while increasing for Gr and Gc. Temperature is an increasing function of the fractional parameter. Additionally, Atangana-Baleanu (ABC) model is good to explain the dynamics of fluid with better memory effect as compared to other fractional operators.

The unsteady flow and heat transfer of a viscous incompressible, electrically conducting dusty fluid past vertical plate under the influence of a transverse magnetic field is studied with a view to examine the combined effects of suction, heat absorption and RAMPED wall temperature. The temperature of the wall is assumed to have a temporarily RAMPED profile which goes on increasing up to a certain time limit and then becomes constant. To investigate the effect of RAMPEDness in wall temperature, the solution for the flow past an isothermal wall is also obtained. The governing partial differential equations are solved using Laplace transformation technique in which the inversion is obtained numerically using Matlab. To validate the results of numerical inversion a comparison between the numerical and analytical values of fluid and particle temperatures and Nusselt number is also presented. The effects of pertinent flow parameters affecting the flow and heat transfer are investigated with the help of graphs and tables. It is found that the increase in suction, heat absorption and particle CONCENTRATION contribute in thinning the thermal and momentum boundary layers and the velocity and temperature for both the fluid and particle phases are higher in the case of a flow past an isothermal plate than that of a flow past a plate with RAMPED temperature.

Monitoring and evaluation of transformers are essential to prevent their insulation failure. In this paper, the use of 2-furan-carboxaldehyde (2-FAL) and methanol (MeOH) CONCENTRATIONs as the main products of paper insulation degradation, and insulation condition markers, has been studied. In order to study the degradation process and production of degradation products, the thermal aging process of the transformer insulation system was implemented in laboratory conditions. The results of laboratory studies show that in the early stages of degradation the amount of MeOH is significant compared to 2-FAL. Also, the estimation of the degree of polymerization (DP) in the early stages of degradation (DP>800) through MeOH CONCENTRATION and with decreasing DP (DP <800) through 2-FAL CONCENTRATION is closer to the real value. The results of studies performed on 35 distribution transformers confirm the production of significant amounts of MeOH in the early stages of degradation. Also, the estimated DP values for the studied transformers were obtained through 2-FAL and MeOH CONCENTRATION. The results show that estimating the amount of DP through MeOH CONCENTRATION is associated with a probability of error of about 9% compared to estimating DP through 2-FAL CONCENTRATION.

Although several studies have reported that the RAMPED position (torso and head elevated) significantly improves laryngoscopic view, in our experience, the RAMPED position fails to provide good laryngeal visualization in some cases. When the RAMPED position failed to provide good laryngeal visualization, we added a head rotation in order to improve laryngeal visualization in 62 patients. The method significantly improved laryngeal visualization and did not cause laryngeal disturbances postoperatively.

Investigation of unsteady hydromagnetic natural convection flow with heat and mass transfer of a viscous, incompressible, electrically conducting, chemically reactive and optically thin radiating fluid past an exponentially accelerated moving vertical plate with arbitrary RAMPED temperature embedded in a fluid saturated porous medium is carried out. Exact solutions of momentum, energy and CONCENTRATION equations are obtained in closed form by Laplace transform technique. The expressions for the shear stress, rate of heat transfer and rate of mass transfer at the plate for both RAMPED temperature and isothermal plates are derived. The numerical values of fluid velocity, fluid temperature and species CONCENTRATION are displayed graphically whereas those of shear stress, rate of heat transfer and rate of mass transfer at the plate are presented in tabular form for various values of pertinent flow parameters. It is found that, for isothermal plate, the fluid temperature approaches steady state when t >1.5. Consequently, the rate of heat transfer at isothermal plate approaches steady state when t >1.5.

The current study aimed to optimize artificial insemination in aged broiler breeder hens in two experiments. In the first experiment, the effect of (two) different diluted semen temperatures (5 and 25 °C) of Hubbard rooster (40 roosters, 58 weeks of age) on fertility, hatchability and sperm penetration (SP) rate in the perivitelline layer of Hubbard hen (180 hens) were investigated. In the second experiment, three (different) sperm CONCENTRATIONs (100 (C100), 200 (C200), and 400 (C400) million sperm in 0.25 mL per hen) of Hubbard roosters (40 roosters, 62 weeks of age) on fertility, hatchability and SP rate of Hubbard broiler breeder hens (270 hens) were explored. In the first experiment, the results showed that the temperature of 5 °C of diluted semen compared to the 25 °C, increased percentage of hatchability of set eggs, hatchability of fertile eggs, and SP and decreased early embryonic mortality. The results of the second experiment showed the highest percentage of fertility and SP rate were observed at treatment C400. Also, in this experiment that highest percentage of hatchability of set eggs and hatchability of fertile eggs and lowest early embryonic mortality were observed at treatment C400. Return on investment (ROI) of the treatments C200 and C400 was approximately 2.9 and 1.4, respectively. In overall, the results of this study showed that (in attention to ROI and hatchability) to optimize artificial insemination of aged broiler breeder hens we can use a sperm CONCENTRATION of 200 to 400 million in 0.25 mL per hens at 5 °C.